Window construction and method of installing the same



Dec. 10, 1935. B. J, TRILLER 2,023,753

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF INSTALLING THE SAME Filed Aug. 4, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet l &&

A TTORNE Y5 Dec. w, 1935. B. J. TRILLER 2,023,753

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF INSTALLING THE SAME Filed Aug. 4, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 y M 4 5 INVENTOR BY flay/W W A TTORNEYS B. J. TRILLER WINDOW CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF INSTALLING THE SAME Filed Aug. 4, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Dec, 10, 1935.

B. J. TRILLER Filed Aug. 4, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 I I L I Q i I /62 z W E 1 52- i u l I i 75 3, [4 6/ A '76 i \F 50 1 K 79 5 l F Q 70 i 54 9 -52 /0 E '55 I -66 6 5 2 4 5 Z INVENTOR 2:1: Q W .J/uw BY X 4 I W 5 5 ATTORNEYS Dec. 10, 1935.

B. J. TRILLER 2,023,753

WINDOW CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF INSTALLING THE SAME 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Aug. 4, 1934 INVENTOR fiz/y'am/n J 5/7/51",

Patented Dec. 10, 1935 Uiti'i'ED TATS OFFICE WINDOW CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF INSTALLING THE SAME 13 Claims.

The invention relates in general to window construction and method of installing the same, having particular reference to that type wherein an outer frame unit is installed at the time the building wall is erected and'at a later time one or more inner closure units are installed and attached to the outer frame.

The invention aims to improve and simplify the construction of the inner unit or units and, in a case where multiple inner units are employed, to make the same interchangeable so that without special fundamental construction otherwise, such units may be installed to cause the ones having sash that open to be placed where desired in the opening. In connection with this feature, the invention also provides for the installation of a sash operator adjacent the sash of a selected unit and concealment thereof where it will not'be unsightly or oifer problems in connection with the installation of indoor insect screens or blinds.

The invention provides a simplified method of constructing the inner closure units themselves and of crating and shipping the same safely to the place of installation. 1

The invention also provides a method of construction and installation wherein the outer frame is devoid of mullions or transom bars, these, when desired, being provided by the inner closure units.

The invention further contemplates weatherstripping and a guttered cover for outwardly opening sash arranged to prevent dirty water from streaking down over the window panes or entering beyond the Weatherstripping.

With these and other objects in View, as will occur as the description progresses, reference will be had to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views, and in which:

1 is an indoor view in elevation of a window opening with two inner units installed and trimmed out and a third, partly crated, unit lifted into the opening and ready to be shifted to place and secured.

Fig. 2 is a composite sectional view, the sections thereof being taken on the lines JJ, K-K, and L-L, of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a similar view, the sections thereof being taken on the lines A'-A', D-D, and EE of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a similar view, the sections thereof being taken on the lines AA, BB, and C--C of Fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line F-F of Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line H--H of Fig. 1.

Fig. '7 is a composite vertical sectional view, the sections thereof being taken on the lines MM and 1 TN, after the unit has been moved 5 entirely over to the left adjacent the second installed unit.

Fig. 8 is a horizontal sectional view taken on line U-U of Fig. 1.

Fig. 9 is an indoor view in elevation of a crated 10 unit with transom and opening sash.

,Fig. 10 is a similar view of a crated unit with opening sash and without transom, the bottom cleat being removed.

Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. 10 of an un- 15 crated unit without transom and stationary lights.

Fig. 12 is an outdoor view of an uncrated unit similar to the one of Fig. 11 only with a transom.

Fig. 13 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 0-0 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 14 is a horizontal view taken on line P-P of Fig. 9.

Fig. 15 is taken on line QQ of Fig. 9, and Fig. 16 is an edge in elevation of the lower part of a crated unit.

In the drawings, a frame'building wall is illustrated, consisting of conventional studding indicated by reference numeral 2, sheathing 3, weather boarding 4, lathing 5 and plaster 6, but the invention is applicable to masonry and other types of Wall, it being only necessary to provide fixing pieces in lieu of the sheathing to which the outer frame section of the window may be secured by nails or the like 1.

The outer frame section consists of head pieces 8 and 9 permanently secured together, side pieces l0 and 12 also permanently secured together, and sill piece I4. The pieces Ii! and I2 are suitably jointed with the head pieces 8 and 9 and with the sill piece M, and the pieces 9 and I2 are in the same place and in the plane of the sheathing 3 within the window opening and spaced from the walls of the said opening. Thepieces 8 and ID are set back from the opening edges of the pieces 9 and I2 to provide blind stops l5, and said pieces 8 and It! are secured by nails IV to the wall when the latter is erected, a cap piece l6 being provided on the head piece 8. A vertical piece I! is permanently secured edgeways to each side piece l2, preferably by a tongue and groove connection, and its indoor edge is flush with the indoor edge of the sill piece I4. It will be noted that this outer frame has a single large opening, undivided by mullions or transom bars.

The outer frame parts so far described, when 55 installed, appear as in Fig. 2, and nothing further is done toward completing the windows until after the plaster 6 has been applied and dried out, and other rough work, such as usually causes damage to the window parts that have fine finish, has been completed. Then the windows are com-.

pleted by the installation of inner frame units, and necessary indoor and outdoor trim to be de scribed. The inner frame units may have transoms as in Figs. 1, 3, 4, 9 and 12, in which the transoms are hinged or not, or they may be devoid of transoms as in Figs. 10, 11 and 13.

Inner units with non-hinged transoms and nonhinged sash comprises top, transoms and. bottom rails I8, I9 and 26 respectively and stiles 2| suitably jointed thereto, and providedwith conventional mullions 22 and panes 24, as in Figs. 3 and 12. Inner units without transoms and with nonhinged sash are similarly constructed by omitting the transom rail IS, the product appearing in Fig. 11. i r V 7 Inner units with non-hinged transoms an hinged sash, comprise transoms conventionally formed of top and bottom rails, 25 and 26, stiles 21, mullions 22, and glazing 24; and sash conventionally formed oftop and bottom rails 28 and 29,

stiles 36, mullions 22 and glazing 24; and stiles or side jambs 3|. The outer edges of the stiles 2'1 and 36 and the inner edges of the stiles or side jambs 3| have matched beveled rabbets 32, as in Figs. 14 and 15. The side jambs 3| are permanently nailed as at 33 to the vertical edges of the transom as shown in Figs. 5 and 15, and the sash of each such unit is hinged at 34 as in Fig. 14 by one of its stiles 36 to one of the side jambs 3|, suflicient clearance 35 being provided to permit the sash to swing.

In inner units which do nothave transoms, as the one illustrated in Fig. 10, but which have a hinged sash, a head jamb 36 takes the place of the transom of Fig. 9, and is suitably jointed to,

the side jambs 3|, the latter and the sash stiles 30 following the construction set forth in Fig. 14, and the head jamb 36 and head rail 28 following the rabbeted construction with clearance illustrated in Fig. 13. The head and bottom rails 23 and 29' are conventionally jointed with the stiles 36' and mullioned and glazed.

The stiles 2| of the units of Figs. 11 and 12 and the side jambs 3| and 3| of the units of Figs. 9 and 10 respectively, all extend beyond the bottom edge of the respective bottom rails 20, 29 and 29 and are lugged out as shown in Figs. 7 and 16 to provide a beveled edge 40 conforming to the pitch of the sill piece M and also to provide a nailing lug 4|.

The units are assembled at the factory, completely finished, with the sash fitted, hung and such sash as are hinged or open being weatherstripped around all four sides as at 44 by applying the weather stripping to the bottom rails of the sash and to the inner edges of the side jambs 3|, 3|, orstiles 2| and to the bottom edges of the transom rail 26 or head rail 36. All sash that open outwardly into the weather have the joints thereof protected by a cover 45 bent to conform to the rabbeted upper edges of the sash and applied thereto to completely cover the same. The outdoor edges are guttered downwardly as at 45 in Fig. 13 and the free edge flange 46 overlaps the joint and engages the outdoor face of the head rail 36, or of the bottom transom rail 26, as the case may be, affording another point of contact between the sash and frame, additional to the Weatherstripping. Any water that may 'be driven beyond the flange 46 and collected by 'the gutter 45, when the, sash is closed is discharged at the gutter ends, at a point on the outdoor side of where the side weather-stripping 44 engages the sides of the sash. The indoor edge of the cover 45 has a similar gutter 47, minus the flange 46, and when the sash stands open into the rain, the water will drain off at the ends of the gutters rather than streaking down across the glass panes and soiling the same by carrying dust or dirt with it where it collected on the top edge of the sash. Both gutters 45 and 4! are pocketed in grooves 43 provided in the upper edge of the sash.

The units are assembled at the factory completely finished, with the sash fitted, weatherstripped and crated. They may also be hinged or otherwise hung at the factory, or this may be done on the job. The latter also applies to painting. The units go from the factory to the job crated, the crating consisting of a cleat 50 nailed across the bottom ends of the side stiles 2| or side jambs 3|, 3|, as the case may be, upwardly as at 5| in Fig. 16 into the beveled luggedout portions of each unit to protect the beveled edges 40 and lugs 4| from damage in shipment, as well as to protect the Weatherstrip 44 if present on the bottom rail of any sash. The cleat 50 is shown applied only to the crated unit shown in Fig. 9, but is present on all units during shipment. In addition to this cleat 50, other cleats or battens 52 are nailed at intervals across the indoor and outdoor faces of the units, by nails 53 which enter the side jambs 3|, 3| or stiles, 2| as the case may be, close to the outer edges thereof where the nail holes later will be concealed by the trim to later be described. Paper or felt clearance pads 54 are packed between the sash that are intended to open and. the surrounding frame, shown in detail in Fig. 13, for an obvious purpose.

After the plastering has dried out and other work injurious to windows has been completed, the bottom cleat 56 and outdoor cleats or battens 52 are removed and the unit lifted into the opening so that its lugged out bottom end straddles the inner-upper corner of the sill piece l4 with the beveled edge 4|] resting upon the beveled upper edge of the sill piece. When a number of units are desired for the opening, the flrst unit r is'moved over to one side, (the left side in Fig. 1), against the filler strip I7, and also against the stops 55 of the outer frame pieces 9 and 2. Where an opening requires only one inner unit, the same fits between the filler strips I! at both sides thereof as is obvious. After a unit has been lifted into the opening and dropped into place, screws 56 are driven through holes 5'! drilled therefor at the factory and which also occupy a position where the same in the screws will be concealed by the trim. These holes extend at an angle to properly direct the screws 56 into the outer frame parts 8, 9 and I6, I 2. These screw holes, it will be noted, emerge close to the outdoor corners of the units where they will be completely concealed by the outer frame or outer trim. After, or even before, the screws 56 have been driven, nails 58 (Figs. 1 and 7). are driven through the lugs 4| into the sill piece I4 completing the securement of the unit to the outer frame.

Additional units, necessary to fill the opening are similarlyinstalled, after which a small mullion casing 59 (Figs. 6 and 8), is applied on the outdoor side to the units to cover the joint between the units and to cover any cleat nail-holes or screw holes 57. Outer tr-ansom'bars 60 are then fitted between the mullion casings 59 by their tongues 6! being inserted into a groove 62 formed across the outdoor side of units employing transoms. Where transoms are not incorporated, the transom bars 80 are not necessary. In either case, it will be noted, the outer frame itself has no mullions for the opening, the mullions being provided entirely by the side jambs or stiles of the inner units together with the mullion casing 59, and likewise the transom bar is not a part of the outer frame, and is supplied by the inner unit parts It or 26 together with the pieces 68.

At'any time after a unit has been secured in place, a sill facing 63 is cut and fitted between the lugs M of each inner unit as shown in Fig. l and suitably secured by nails 64 to the sill piece M. The sill facings have tongues 65 entering groove 66 provided in the indoor edge of the sill piece is to properly locate the facings, and the latter extend above the sill piece M to afford a water-stop Bl having a rabbeted contact at 68 with the bottom rail of the sash and its upper indoor corner being rabbeted as at 69 to afford a support 89' and face 10, the latter being flush with the indoor faces of the sash and stiles or side jambs.

The indoor battens 52 and clearance pads 54 may now be removed, and the windows are then ready to receive the interior trim. Ordinarily the easement operator [4 sets directly upon the stool '55, but in the present invention the stool is notched out as at 16 to pocket the operator, the latter being seated upon and secured to a sub-stool T! which rests upon and is nailed to the support 69 and has its indoor edge flush with the plaster 5. The substool does not extend the length of the window but only extends across such units as have sash that open. In lieu of a sub-stool, the inner units having stationary sash, have sub-strips ll (Fig. 3), filling out the rabbet 69, 18. The main stool is, therefore, supported by the sub-stool 11 and/or the filling substrips H and also the apron 18 is continuous across the entire opening and all of the units. A thimbled hole 118 is provided through the front part of the stool to receive the operating crank 79. The operator arms 80 attach in conventional manner with the bottom sash rail 29 by slide 8!. Concealment of the unsightly sash operator parts is completed by a cover 82, of attractive appearance, removably secured upon the stool to permit access to the operator when desired. By locating the sash operator and particularly the slide 8| beneath the upper surface of the stool and its cover, the window screens may be placed against the stop 85" and upon the stool cover without interference from the operator parts.

Top, transom bar, side and mullion trim pieces 83, 84, 85, and 85 respectively are applied, providing necessary sash stops and concealing all nail and screw holes in the indoor faces of the units. Upon these trim pieces but set back from the inner edges thereof are companion trim pieces 3, 8:3, 85 and 86' respectively. The outer edges of these pieces are flush with the outer top and side edges of the inner units and are cut to fit at the factory and shipped knockdown. While various types of top and side trim may be applied to finish out from this point, preferably top and side trim moldings, 81 and 88 respectively, are applied edgeways against the plaster boxing 6, to complete the finish. Preferably, these strips are cut to fit at the job to assure proper fit and concealment of the space between the units and studding. No pieces similar to the ones 88 and 88 are applied upon the transom trim 84 or the mullion trim 86 since unnecessary fitting would be required, the pieces 84' and B8 in themselves being suificiently ornamental to give an attractive finish. The piece 88' bridges and conceals the joint between the mullion trim 86,86 (Fig. 6), and with the same and the parts 3|, 2! and 59 provide a substantial mullion entirely apart from the outer permanent frame. If both adjacent inner units have moving sash, then the bar 21 of Fig. 6 will be divided as indicated by dotted lines, duplicating the structure on both sides of the joint between units.

All the inner units are interchangeable as seen in Fig. 1, and the window opening can be filled by units with all stationary sash or swing sash or any combination thereof, it being only necessary for the carpenter to cut the .pockets 16 in the main stool where opening sash are used unless this cutting had previously been ordered done at the factory.

Except for the application of the outer trim pieces 59 and 60 the entire installation is performed from the inside of the building.

Particular attention is directed to the fact that the inner units are of the same outer dimensions, and the width of the stile 2| is the same as the combined width of the side jamb 3| and sash stile 30 the same being true of the side jamb 3| and transom stile 21. Likewise, the width of the transom bar I9 is the same as the combined width of the transom bottom rail 26 and sash top rail 28; and the top rail I8 is equal to the top transom rail 25. By this, in a combination installment of hinged and stationary inner unit, all units trim out to have the same general appearance and the only joint seen is the clearance space between the movable sash and the other parts of the units. The glazing may be single as shown, or of parallel panes, now so popular, with only slight modification.

What is claimed:

1. In a closure for a wall opening, an outer frame devoid of mullions, and a pair of interchangeable closure units closing the opening of the frame, abutting parts of said units forming mullions.

2. In a closure for a wall opening, an outer frame devoid of mullions and transom bars, and apair of interchangeable closure units closing the opening of the frame, abutting parts of said units forming mullions and aligned parts of said units forming transom bars.

3. In window construction, an outer unit framing a wall opening; an inner unit adapted to be placed within the wall opening and secured to the outer unit after the latter has been installed; 50 said inner unit including a transom, and side jambs secured to the sides thereof and providing a sash receiving opening between them adjacent the transom.

4. A window unit adapted to be mounted in a 55 window frame and having a separate transom unit provided with a bottom rail, side jambs secured to the side edges of the transom, and a sash mounted for movement between the side jambs, the bottom rail of the transom forming the head jamb for the sash.

-5. In window construction, an outer unit forming a wall opening; a pair of inner units adapted to be placed on either side of each other within the wall opening and secured to the outer unit 7 rails and stiles, the top rail of the transom hav- 7 ing its upper and loweredges substantially aligning with the corresponding edges of the top rail of the adjacent inner unit, the upperedge of the bottom rail of the transom and the lower edge of the top rail of the sash, substantially aligning respectively withthe upper. and lower edges of the transom bar of the adjacent inner unit, the

upper edges of the bottom rail of the sash and the bottom rail of the adjacent inner unit substantially aligning with each other, and the width of the side stile of one unit being substantially equal to that of the adjacent side jamb and side stile of the other inner unit.

6. The combination with an outer windowframe, a pair of interchangeable inner units adapted to close the opening in the outer frame and to be secured to the outer frame after the latter has been installed, one inner unit having stiles and top and bottom rails, the other inner unit having side jambs, an intermediate rail connected with the side jambs andhaving its upper and lower edges substantially aligned with the corresponding edges of the top rail of the adjacent unit, a sash between the side jambs and including stiles and top and bottom rails, the bottom edge of the top rail of the sash substantially aligning with the corresponding edge of the top rail of the adjacent unit, the upper and bottom edges of the bottom sash rail substantially aligning with the corresponding edges of the bottom rail of the other unit, and the distance between the outer edge of a side jamb and inner edge of the sash stile being substantially the same as that between the inner and outer edges of the stile of the adjacent unit. V

7. In a closure for a wall opening; an outer unit framing the opening and having a sill; an inner closure unit for the opening having a bottom rail, and stiles extending beyond the bottom rail, said stiles being secured to the indoor edge of the sill, and the bottom rail of the inner unit overlying at least a portion of the sill. I,

8. In a closure for a wall opening; an outer unit framing the opening and having a sill; an inner closure unit for the opening having a bottom rail, and stiles having lower ends formed so that a portion of each said lower ends rests upon the sill and another portion extends across the indoor edge of the sill, the bottom rail of the inner unit overlying at least a portion of the sill.

9. The method of constructing and installing wall opening closures; consisting in installing an outer frame unit which has a sill at the time the wall is erected; constructing an inner closure unit to have stiles with sill top and edge engaging portions, a cross connection between the stiles, and a sash between the stiles in cooperative relation with the cross connection; shipping the inner unit with a cleat across the stiles to protect the sill engaging portions thereof and also the bottom 10 of the sash; removing the cleat, placing the inner unit in closure assuming position with the sill top engaging portions engaging the sill, and securing the sill edge engaging portions to the sill.

'10. In window construction; an outer frame which has a sill and which frames a wall opening; a closure unit having vertical side pieces, and an intermediate bottom rail therebetween, the side pieces being secured to the indoor edge of the sill; and a supplemental sill piece fitted between the side pieces and secured to the indoor edge of the sill and extending above the same; the said bottom rail having a lower edge portion extending below the upper edge of the supplemental sill piece on the outdoor side thereof and into proximity to the sill.

11. In window construction, an outer frame which has a sill and which frames a Wall opening; a closure unit having vertical side pieces, and an intermediate bottom rail, the side pieces being secured to the sill and engaging the top of the sill; and a supplemental sill piece secured to the sill and extending thereabove and fitted between the said side pieces, the said bottom rail overlying the sill piece and extending below the upper 85 edge of the supplemental sill piece.

12. In window construction, a frame including a top rail and stiles, weather stripping around the inner edges of the rail and stile, a sash within the frame engaged by the Weatherstripping and being 40 outwardly movable with respect thereto and including a top rail and stiles, a metal cover upon the sash top rail provided with a gutter to direct water to the sides of the sash outside the point where the side Weatherstripping engages the sides of the sash.

13. A window unit adapted to be mounted in a window frame and having a transom comprising top rails, rabbeted bottom rail and rabbeted stiles; rabbeted side jambs interfitting with and secured to the side edges of the transom stiles; and a sash having rabbeted stiles and rabbeted top rail, mounted between the side jambs in interfitting relation therewith and with its top rail in interfitting relation with the bottom rail of the transom.

BENJAMIN J. TRILLER. 

